Vapor-burner for motor-vehicles.



No. 844,511. PATENT-ED FEB. 19, 1907.

w. L; GARRELS 850. KYIMBAL'L. VAPOR BURNER FOR MOTGR VEHICLES APPLICATION FILED 00124, 1900.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

,Witnesses:

Inventors w h fuz, M

1m: 'noRRls psrsns ca., wAsmNc-miv, n. c,

N0. 844,511. PATENTED FEB; 19', 1907.

W. .L. GARRELS 8:0, KIMBALL. VAPOR BURNER FOR MOTOR VEHICLES.

APPLIQATION FILED 0GT.24, 1900.

27 Inventors:

. lll/ I W1tnesses THE NORRIS PETERS '30.. wasnmarauj me No. 844,511. PATENTED FEB. 19, 1907.

' W. L.'GARRELS & O. KIMBALL.

VAPOR BURNER FOR MOTOR VEHICLES.

APPLICATION IILED 00124, 1900.

OSHEETS-QHEBT 3.

w Inventors:

Fig. 7.

Witnesses:

THE mmms PETERS ca, WASHINGTON, n. c

UNITED sTA'rns PATENT carton.

WILLIAM- L. GARRELS, OF ST. LOUIS, AND CLINTON KIMBALL, OF KIRKWOOD, MISSOURI.

VAPOR-BURNER FOR MOTOR-VEHICLES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 19, 1907'.

Application filed October-24. 1900. Serial No. 34.139.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that we, WILLIAM- L. GAR-- 3121s, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city. of St. Louis and State of Missouri, and CLINTON KIMBALL, acitizenof the United States, and a resident I of the city of Kirkwood, in the county ofSt. Louis and State of Missouri, have inventedcertain new anduseful Improvements in Vapor-Burners for. Motor-Vehicles, of whichthe following'is aspeci'lication.

Ourv invention relates to burners for heating the boilers of motor-vehicles, and has-for its principal objectsto avoid smoke, odor,

and noise in the combustion ofthe fuelin all parts and forall regulations of the burner, to minimize the danger; of-explosion, to minimize the danger of; putting-out the flame by the jolting of'the-vehicle or the blowing of thewind, to provideforthe cleaning and replacing ofalLpartsof theburnento facilitate the lighting of the burner, and generally toimprove and simplify the construction of a vapor-burner so as to make it satisfactorily fulfil all of the-various conditions met with in a motor-vehicle.

To these ends ourinvention consists inzthe constructions and-in the arrangements and combinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

' In: the accompanying drawings, which formpart of this specification and wherein like symbols refer to like parts wherever they occur, l igure Iiis a vertical view, mainly. in

section, showing ourdev-iceapplied to amol'JOI' VGhlGlG. lug; IIis a-vertlcal vlew showing the boiler partlyin central section: and? partlyiinlelevation and showing the burner in sectionupon the twoplanes indicated by the line2 2 in lug; IV. rig, III is a sideele Big. VI, and liig VIII is aside elevationof the-vehiclebody. illustrated in Fig. ,VI.

Ourr device comprisesvtwo principal sections-namely, a main burnera' 1 and an auxiliaryburnenZi, the auxiliary burner be-- ing centrally: locatedzwlth reference;-to.-.the.

main burner and also with reference to the boiler 8 and furnishing a material portion of the heat furnished to said boiler and the heat for the vaporizer of the main burner. auxiliary burner comprises a hollow body portion with tubular projections extending laterally therefrom,,and both said body portions and, said tubularv extensions are provided with slits or perforations in their upper surfacesfor the escape of-vapor. The auxiliary burner is preferably cast in two sections, fastened together flatw ise. I itted into the body portion isa tube 4, provided with a series-ofsmall perforations in its upperportion. Said tube extends through the casing 5, which constitutes the w all of the combustionchamber, and is open at its end. Projecting into the outer end of said casing is anozzle-6, mounted on the end of a tube 7 which has a circular loop or bend therein and is connected, as hereinafter described, to thefuelsupply pipe 8. The circular loop constitutes the primary or initial vaporizer for the burner, and in order to cooperate therewith an annular drip-cup 9 is located directly below said loop, said drip-cup being adapted, to hold suflicient oil to vaporize the-hydrocarbonadmitted into said loop. In orcer to se cure the burning of the oil in the drip-cup with a blue flame, the loop is incased within anannular casing 10, whose sides are formed of, wire cloth or perforated metal. The drip-cup constitutes the bottom'of this casing, and the top ofthe casing is imperforate. The side of the casing is provided with a hole to permit the insertionof a match or other igniter, and this hole is covered by a door 11 of wire-cloth or perforated metal. A pipe The ;12,,communicating, as hereinafterdescribed,

with the main supply-pipe, passes through the casing'and terminates above the dripcup therein; This branch pipe 12. is provided with a valve 13, adapted to be manipulated by hand.

The main burner comprises a hollowbody portion 14, extending diametrically beneath the boiler. Themiddle partrofthis main portion-is bifurcated, so as to make an opening therein of'proper size and shape to inclose the I auxiliary burner. The body portion has a *seriesofhollow lugs orbosses formed on-its opposite sides. These bosses are screwthreaded, and into each ofzthem is screwed a tube 15, closed atiits endandprovided with I slits or perforations communicating Withthe to be removable at pleasure.

hollow interior thereof. The several tubes are arranged parallel to one another and are of such length as to conform to the periphery pipe 21, which extends into the main combustion-chamber above s'aidburner and communicates with another pipe 22 above the middle portion of the burner. This last-mentioned pipe constitutes a portion of the principal vaporizer, of our burner and extends entirely across the burner and projects at each end through the wall 5 of the combustionchamber and at each end is provided with a cap 23, whichis screw-threaded thereon, so as This last-mentioned pipe communicates; through a union joint 24 located outside of the combustionchamber, with a second pipe 25, which likewise extends entirely across the burner and is provided at each end outside of the combustion-chamber with a removable cap 26. This last-mentioned pipe 25 also constitutes part of the principal vaporizer and connects through a union 27 with the main supplypipe8 at the end opposite that of its connection to pipe 22. On the end of the vaporizerpipe 22 is connected apipe 28. This pipe 28 is preferably made as a casting provided with three valves and adapted for connection to three pipes by union-joints. One of these pipes is the pipe 12, which feeds the drip-cup,

and the valve controlling the admission thereto is the valve 13, hereinbefore mentioned. The second pipe connected to said casting is the pipe 7, constituting the initial vaporizer, and this pipe is controlled by the valve 29, mounted on the casting. The pipe 30, which preferably forms part of this casting, has anozzle' 31 on its end, which nozzle projects slightly inside of the mixing-tube 4 of the auxiliary burner. This pipe 30 is controlled by a needle-valve 32. The several pipes .hereinbefore mentioned constitute a single burner system and are controlled by the, valves, as hereinafter more fully described. The main supply-pipe connects the fuel tank or tanks 33 directly to the pipe 25 and the pipe 22, together constituting the principal vaporizer, and this principal vaporizer communicates, through the pipe 30 and the nozzle thereon, with the mixing-tube of the auxiliary burner. The principal vaporizer is likewise connected by the pipe 21 through the two valves 20 and 19 and the pipe 18 with the mixing tube or chamber 16 of the main burner. It is thus noted that an injector connected to a vaporizer com- One or both of the tanks 33 are filled with 1 0 each of the burner-sections is provided with mon to both, the injector being placed at sub stantially ninety degrees apart. The stem of the valve 19 is connected'to an automatic valve-controller 34, comprising a diaphragm inclosed in a chamber which communicates, through a pipe 35, with the inside of the boiler. This diaphragm is arranged in any usual manner so as to be distended by the boiler-pressure acting against the constant resistance of a1 counteracting spring tending The second valve 20 in The admission of fuel to the principal burner is thus cut off automatically whenever the boiler-pressure exceeds a predetermined limit. The entire burner is inclosed within a casing whose bottom preferably consists of wirecloth or perforated netal 37, so as to allow free access of air therethrou h. The burner is located imrr ediately be 0w the boiler, whose tubes 38 are arranged vertically and open at the bottom into the combustionchamber of the burner and open at the top into a breeching 39, which constitutes the outlet-fines for the products .of combustion.

These fines are arranged horizontally in the top of the end portion of the vehicle-body and open upwardly at their ends. Said fines may extend beyond the sides of the vehicle, as illustrated in Figs. 6, 7, and 8. The'said openings are provided with wire-gau ze 40 or perforated netal, which serves variors purposesnarr ely, in connection with the screens of the burner-casings it constitutes a safety device for confining the fiaire in case liquid fuelshould accidentally get inside of the combustion-chamber and there ignite. It also by reason of its horizontal position serves to prevent the adn ission of air-currents into the flue. In this respect it is supplemented by deflector-plates 41-, arranged as indicated in Fig. 8, nan. ely: Said plates are arranged substantially parallel with the end of the vehicle-body and inclined of said openings, and by reason of their inclination tend to deflect upwardly any wind fromthe rear blowing through such screens.

By this arrangerr ent said plates 'oifer slight resistance to the escape of the products of combustion, but constitute considerableprotection against gusts of wind. The two horizontal fines are arranged in alinerr e-nt with each other and with the deflective plates, so that in case the wind entering one opening should pass the baffle-plates it must n ove toward the other opening As an additional precaution against the wind a screen 42, as shown in Fig. 6, of wire-cloth or perfodownwardly and rearwardly from'the screens rated Ir etal Ir. ay be placed across the breech-' I ing where its central portion opens into the lateral fires.

The. operation of the device is as follows:

liquid fuel. Theetanks.aresthenfclosediand communication isi established...betweensaid tanks and a compressed-air tanki; derJto startJ-theflre, thexvalvealgin thepipeopeningv ab ove; thetdrip cup is. manipulated tofill: the drip-cup with. liquid in fuel and; is then closed: Theliquidifuelinsaid drip-.cup isIthen. ignited, and by reason of! the perforated or reticulated; casing surroundingv it said fuel :bu rns :with .ablue flaire and vwithout siroke. The: heat from suchflaire heatsthe loop of the pritr. ary or initialtvaporizer, and when such vaporizerais.suiiiciently hotthe valve 29 is-opened1to.adirit? liquidifuel iirto saidzvaporizer. The-fuel thus. adn ittedis immediately vaporizedl and. is: 'njected through-.the-nozzlefi at; the endlofthe vaporizer-pipeinto their ixing-tub e 4.:orchamber of the auxiliary burner; The current of vaporythus forn eddrawsinairfrom the at.- mosphere intothe n ixingchamber, and: the mixed vaporv and .airisst' e through .the slits in the; top zoi' 'said :rrixirg-chamben and l the auxiliary bur-Fer into. the combustion-chamber. The location of; the 'mixing-tube of: the auxiliary burrerv isclose enough to theiliitial vaporizer to insure that the flairefrom-the oil in the drip-cup will ignite the vapor escaping fromtheslits-inthen-ixing-tute 4. The. slits in the: nixirg-tuhe.constitute a train leading-tothe body of? the auxiliary burl-er,

whereby the-fireh'ozn the drip-cup is carried The auxdirectlyjto the auxiliary burner; iliary burner. may I also be lighted by inserting a ilight throu gh a :hole provid ed. Iforthe purpose in the walloii'the combrstion-chamber-c-lose to the n' ixing-tube 4. This hole has a cover- 56, of; Irica or.-'wire-gauze or: other rraterial,

thWPIiTTClpEILVitPOIiZGP the valve 32'is opeied, whereby the fuel vaporized in the principal vaporizerw issues from the nozzle andlis:injected into thenixilig-tulte ofithe auxiliary burner. The valve 29 is then closedzto cut oil'vthe supply of. fuelkto the initial: vaporizer.

vaporizer through-the nozzle-17. into the TfdXiTfg-trlllfi 1.6 oftherrain burr; er, where it isinixedwithair; andthenissnesirom the slitsin the top'of: the burner into the co nbustion-chainlo'er, where it" is ignited by the In. addition flarreof the auxiliary burner. to the air' adnwittei'h through. the rrixirgtuhes there iS llkGWlSG'a draftofiair up through the hottom. of the casir g on opposite sides of the respective:burrer slits or jets; whereby the fueliisco*rpletelyandproperlycozisurred. The screen: 37: on. the hottonr serves to prevent. violent fluctuations of the draft, to

which: the bU-Tliel wo'llld otherwise be liable. byw'reason of 2 its-exposure: to the" wind: The

The valve 20 is: then opened to adn it. vapor:- from the prii'lcipal space of. the boiler.

products of combustion pass up through the tubes-of. the boilerlinto the breeching 39 and thence. thro ugh the horizontal. dues and out throughithe screened openings in the top .of the vehicle body. As hereinbefore described, the arrangement of these flues and the outlet-openings, and screens therefor is such as to minimize the fluctuations of the draft; andto maintain a steady consumption of feel.

When the pressure inthe boiler rises to a predetermined limit, it distends the diaphragm ofthe automatic valve-controller 34, whereby the valve 19'is automatically closed, and'the supply ofvapor to the main burner is thereby cut off; In. like manner when the pressure in the boiler falls the valve is automatically opened to admit vapor to the main burner; where it is ignited, as before described.

The needle-valve 32, controlling thesupply of vapor-tothe auxiliary burner, is so adjusted as :tofurnishan amount of heat equal to the heatradiated from the boiler afterthe main burner is shut down. The proper ad'- justrnent for this purpose is ascertained by experiment, and a pointer or indicator 57 is mounted on the valve-stem in positionto -minimurn flame is less likely to be j oltedout thanif it Were spread over the entire burner.

,By reason of its central location the heat fromithe auxiliary burner causes the expansion of the boiler to be distributed symmetrically, and thereby eliminates undesirable strains in the boiler.

In order to put out. the fire incase the water in the boiler becomes so low as .to expose the boiler to danger of being overheated, We provide the following device: A sleeve 58 isfastened in thecenter of the lower.- tube-sheet and projects into the lower portion of theboiler and: has an annular flange on the inside of its upper end. Extending upwardly through said sleeve is a secondtubular. sleeve 59, which hasa shoulderadapted to abut against: the lower'end'of said annular flange. sleeve projects below the lower tube-sheet :and has its lower end formed-for the engagement' of a wrench. The upper end portion of the bore of this sleeve has a seatformed therein, and on said'seat: rests a plug 60'o'f This last-mentioned tinor other fusible material. Above the top ofIsa-id-plug said sleeve 59 is provided with one or'rnore holes 61, opening into the water,- The upper end of said sleeve 59is screw-threaded andis screwed into the lower threaded:v endof. a tube 62,

which isfastened to-theupper tube-sheet and: opens at: its .upper end into the; steam- ISO pipe 63. This tube has perforations 64 near the upper portion thereof for the admission of steam from the boiler and is otherwise equipped to constitute a steam-separator 65.

The operation of this construction is as follows: So long as the water covers the fusible plug said plug remains in place and closes the bore. of the inner sleeve. When, however, the water-level falls so low as to uncover the plug 60 said plug fuses and is blown by the steam out through the bore of the sleeve and protect the boiler before any portion thereof can be overheated as well when the vehicle is tilted as when it is horizontal. For use in case of such an accident or any other emergency a valve 66 is provided in the fuelsupply ipe 8 in position to be Within easy reach 0 the driver while occupying his seat. For this purpose the supply-pipe is preferably provided with a loop 67, extending up close to the side of the vehicle. By screwing the plug-holder 59 into the tube 62 they, to-

gether with the sleeve 58, constitute a strong stay for the boiler in a place where it would otherwise be weak.

It is noted that in the burner system here- .inbefore described the va or is fed to the auxiliary burner during al the time of the operation of the system except the initial lighting. For this reason the two valves 29 and 32, which control the supply of vapor to said auxiliary burner, are both located on a lower level than the otherpipes and valves of the system, except only the pipe leading into the drip-cup. The reason for this is to avoid pockets in the pipe system, wherein the vapor might condense and afterward be inject ed in liquid form into the combustion-chamber and ignited. By our arrangement any liquid formed by the condensation of vapor in the pipe system during the operation thereof is drained to one or other of the two valves 29 and'32. It is also noted that such condensation of vapor is itself provided against by making the pipes in which it is liable to. condense as short as practicable. Another important advantage of our construction is that all parts are easily accessible for clean ing. Thus in order to clean the principal vaporizer it is only necessary to remove the screw-caps at the ends of the vaporizertubes. As is usual with vapor-burners, wiregauze or asbestos may be suitably arranged in the pipe system to prevent blowing. This gauze, as well as other portions of the system, is easily accessible for cleaning or therethrough in replacing by reason of the capsand of the different parts being connected together by union-joints.

Obviously the construction hereinbefore described admits of considerable modifica tion without departing from our invention, and We do not wish'to be'limited to such construction. For instance, the initial vaporizer may be made part of the auxiliary burner and the drip-cup may be lacedbelow said burner, the nozzle 31 an the valve 32 may be omitted, the main burner and auxiliary burner may be made of sheet metal in place of castings and tubes. So,too, other designs or types of boiler may be used in lace of the one shown, which is a tubular lioiler having a copper-lined seamless steel shell. The plug-holder 59 may be provided with lateral perforations for the escape of steam and be closed at the bottom, so as to trap .the' fused metal. Obviously, also, the construction of the main burner-section may be changed considerably, so long as it is provided with air-openings or passage-Ways 1position to supply air to opposite sides of t e burner slits or jets.

What we claim is 1. A vapor-burner comprising "a burnersection having a tube erforated for the escape of vapor, an initia vaporizer and igniting device comprising a retort communicating with the source of fuel-supply, and having a nozzle connected to saidvtube, a dripcup below said retort, and a casingfor said burner and said retort, the inlet of said tube being located close to the initial vaporizer, substantially as described.

2. A burnercomprising a main-burner sec tion and an auxiliary-burner section and a casing therefor, said auxiliary-burner section having'a mixing-tube extending through said casing and being perforated throughout the portion thereof inslde of said casing, and

an opening in said casing close to said mixingtube, substantially as described.

3. A vapor-burner comprising a burnersection, a casing therefor, anda vaporizer.

for said burner, and an initial va orizer comprising a retort connected to t e source of fuel-supply, a drip-cup below said retort, and an annular casing of o en-work or perforated metal for said retort, t e casing of said'initial vaporizer being arranged to provide for.

said burner, and an initial'vaporizer com prising a retort connected to the source ofv fuel-sup ly, a drip-cup below said retort, and an annu ar casing of open-Work or perforated metal for said retort, said annular casing laterally. therefrom, and said auxiliaryhaving an opening therein to permit the burner section being within the periphery lighting of the contents of the drip-cup, and of the main-burner section and having its having an opening communicating with the mixing-tube located between the jet-tubes t5 5 interior of the burner-casing, whereby the 01 the main-burner section, substantially as flame from the drip-cup will ignite the vapor described.

from said burner, substantially as described. 7 WILLIAM L. GARRELS. 5. A vapor-burner comprising a main- CLINTON KIMBALL. burner section and an auxiliary-burner sec- Witnesses: :0 tion, said main-burner section, consisting of HENRY A. KERsTING,

a body portion having jet-tubes extending JAMES A. CARR. 

